1.Identification
1.1GHS Product identifier
| Product name | hydrogen chloride |
|---|
1.2Other means of identification
| Product number | – |
|---|---|
| Other names | HCL |
1.3Recommended use of the chemical and restrictions on use
| Identified uses | For industry use only. Inorganic substances |
|---|---|
| Uses advised against | no data available |
1.4Supplier’s details
1.5Emergency phone number
| Emergency phone number | – |
|---|---|
| Service hours | Monday to Friday, 9am-5pm (Standard time zone: UTC/GMT +8 hours). |
2.Hazard identification
2.1Classification of the substance or mixture
no data available
2.2GHS label elements, including precautionary statements
| Pictogram(s) | no data available |
|---|---|
| Signal word | no data available |
| Hazard statement(s) | no data available |
| Precautionary statement(s) | |
| Prevention | no data available |
| Response | no data available |
| Storage | no data available |
| Disposal | no data available |
2.3Other hazards which do not result in classification
no data available
3.Composition/information on ingredients
3.1Substances
| Chemical name | Common names and synonyms | CAS number | EC number | Concentration |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| hydrogen chloride | hydrogen chloride | 7647-01-0 | none | 100% |
4.First-aid measures
4.1Description of necessary first-aid measures
General advice
Consult a physician. Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
If inhaled
Fresh air, rest. Half-upright position. Artificial respiration may be needed. Refer immediately for medical attention.
In case of skin contact
Wear protective gloves when administering first aid. First rinse with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, then remove contaminated clothes and rinse again. Refer immediately for medical attention.
In case of eye contact
Rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible). Refer immediately for medical attention.
If swallowed
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. Rinse mouth with water. Consult a physician.
4.2Most important symptoms/effects, acute and delayed
Inhalation of fumes results in coughing and choking sensation, and irritation of nose and lungs. Liquid causes burns. (USCG, 1999)
Gas concentrations of 50 to 100 ppm are tolerable for 1 hour. Concentrations of 1,000 to 2,000 ppm are dangerous, even for brief exposures. More severe exposures will result in serious respiratory distress and prolonged exposures will result in death. Mists of hydrochloric acid are considered less harmful than anhydrous hydrochloric acid, because droplets have no dehydrating action. Individuals with respiratory problems and digestive diseases may be adversely affected by low level exposures to the gas or mist. (EPA, 1998)
Excerpt from ERG Guide 125 [Gases – Corrosive]: TOXIC; may be fatal if inhaled, ingested or absorbed through skin. Vapors are extremely irritating and corrosive. Contact with gas or liquefied gas may cause burns, severe injury and/or frostbite. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control may cause pollution. (ERG, 2016)
SYMPTOMS: Symptoms of exposure to this compound include mild irritation of the skin and eyes, diarrhea and gastrointestinal irritation. It may also cause nausea, pulmonary edema and coma. Gastrointestinal disturbances may occur. ACUTE/CHRONIC HAZARDS: This compound is a mild irritant of the skin and eyes. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides and ammonia.
4.3Indication of immediate medical attention and special treatment needed, if necessary
/PREHOSPITAL/ Consult with the base station physician or the regional poison control center for advice regarding triage of multiple victims. Patients with evidence of significant exposure such as skin or eye irritation, pain, or breathing difficulties should be transported to a medical facility for evaluation. Others may be discharged from the scene after their names, addresses, and telephone numbers are recorded. Those discharged should be advised to seek medical care promptly if symptoms develop
5.Fire-fighting measures
5.1Extinguishing media
Suitable extinguishing media
Suitable extinguishing media: Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
5.2Specific hazards arising from the chemical
Special Hazards of Combustion Products: Toxic and irritating vapors are generated when heated. (USCG, 1999)
Fire may produce irritating or poisonous gases. Containers may explode in heat of fire. At high temperatures, it decomposes into hydrogen and chlorine. The following materials should be avoided: Mercuric sulfate — violent reaction with gaseous hydrochloric acid at 250F. Sodium — reacts vigorously with gaseous hydrochloric acid. Acetic anhydride, 2-aminoethanol, ammonium hydroxide, chlorosulfonic acid, ethylene diamine, ethyleneimine, oleum, propiolactone, sodium hydroxide, sulfuric acid, and vinyl acetate — increase in temperature and pressure when mixed with hydrochloric acid. Calcium phosphide — energetic reaction with hydrochloric acid. Silver perchlorate and carbon tetrachloride — when mixed in combination with hydrochloric acid forms a compound that detonates at 105F. Formaldehyde — when mixed with hydrochloric acid forms a human carcinogen. Material reacts violently with bases and is corrosive with the generation of heat. Reacts with base metals, forming combustible gas (hydrogen). Reacts violently with strong oxidants forming toxic gas (chlorine). Avoid heat; at high temperatures it will decompose into hydrogen and chlorine. (EPA, 1998)
Excerpt from ERG Guide 125 [Gases – Corrosive]: Some may burn but none ignite readily. Vapors from liquefied gas are initially heavier than air and spread along ground. Some of these materials may react violently with water. Cylinders exposed to fire may vent and release toxic and/or corrosive gas through pressure relief devices. Containers may explode when heated. Ruptured cylinders may rocket. For UN1005: Anhydrous ammonia, at high concentrations in confined spaces, presents a flammability risk if a source of ignition is introduced. (ERG, 2016)
This chemical is probably combustible.
5.3Special protective actions for fire-fighters
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
6.Accidental release measures
6.1Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment. Avoid dust formation. Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Avoid breathing dust. For personal protection see section 8.
6.2Environmental precautions
Evacuate danger area! Consult an expert! Personal protection: gas-tight chemical protection suit including self-contained breathing apparatus. Ventilation. Remove gas with fine water spray.
6.3Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up
Accidental release measures. Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Wear respiratory protection. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Evacuate personnel to safe areas.; Environmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains.; Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up: Clean up promptly by sweeping or vacuum.
7.Handling and storage
7.1Precautions for safe handling
Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Avoid formation of dust and aerosols. Avoid exposure – obtain special instructions before use.Provide appropriate exhaust ventilation at places where dust is formed. For precautions see section 2.2.
7.2Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities
Cool. Fireproof if in building. Separated from food and feedstuffs and incompatible materials. See Chemical Dangers. Keep in a well-ventilated room.Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place. Storage class (TRGS 510): Gases
8.Exposure controls/personal protection
8.1Control parameters
Occupational Exposure limit values
Recommended Exposure Limit: Ceiling value: 5 ppm (7 mg/cu m).
Biological limit values
no data available
8.2Appropriate engineering controls
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice. Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.
8.3Individual protection measures, such as personal protective equipment (PPE)
Eye/face protection
Safety glasses with side-shields conforming to EN166. Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).
Skin protection
Wear impervious clothing. The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace. Handle with gloves. Gloves must be inspected prior to use. Use proper glove removal technique(without touching glove’s outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product. Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices. Wash and dry hands. The selected protective gloves have to satisfy the specifications of EU Directive 89/686/EEC and the standard EN 374 derived from it.
Respiratory protection
Wear dust mask when handling large quantities.
Thermal hazards
no data available
9.Physical and chemical properties
| Physical state | A colorless gas with a sharp, pungent odor. |
|---|---|
| Colour | Colorless gas |
| Odour | Pungent, irritating odor |
| Melting point/ freezing point | -38°C(lit.) |
| Boiling point or initial boiling point and boiling range | 100°C(lit.) |
| Flammability | Nonflammable GasNot combustible. |
| Lower and upper explosion limit / flammability limit | no data available |
| Flash point | 17°C |
| Auto-ignition temperature | Not flammable (USCG, 1999) |
| Decomposition temperature | no data available |
| pH | no data available |
| Kinematic viscosity | 0.405 cP (liquid at 118.16 K); 0.0131 cP (vapor at 273.06 K); 0.0253 cP (vapor at 523.2 K) |
| Solubility | In water:miscible |
| Partition coefficient n-octanol/water (log value) | 0.25 |
| Vapour pressure | 613 psi ( 21.1 °C) |
| Density and/or relative density | 1.2g/mLat 25°C(lit.) |
| Relative vapour density | 1.3 (vs air) |
| Particle characteristics | no data available |
10.Stability and reactivity
10.1Reactivity
no data available
10.2Chemical stability
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
10.3Possibility of hazardous reactions
The gas is heavier than air and may accumulate in lowered spaces causing a deficiency of oxygen.HYDROCHLORIC ACID is an aqueous solution of hydrogen chloride, an acidic gas. Reacts exothermically with organic bases (amines, amides) and inorganic bases (oxides and hydroxides of metals). Reacts exothermically with carbonates (including limestone and building materials containing limestone) and hydrogen carbonates to generate carbon dioxide. Reacts with sulfides, carbides, borides, and phosphides to generate toxic or flammable gases. Reacts with many metals (including aluminum, zinc, calcium, magnesium, iron, tin and all of the alkali metals) to generate flammable hydrogen gas. Reacts violently with acetic anhydride, 2-aminoethanol, ammonium hydroxide, calcium phosphide, chlorosulfonic acid, 1,1-difluoroethylene, ethylenediamine, ethyleneimine, oleum, perchloric acid, b-propiolactone, propylene oxide, silver perchlorate/carbon tetrachloride mixture, sodium hydroxide, uranium(IV) phosphide, vinyl acetate, calcium carbide, rubidium carbide, cesium acetylide, rubidium acetylide, magnesium boride, mercury(II) sulfate [Lewis]. Mixtures with concentrated sulfuric acid can evolve toxic hydrogen chloride gas at a dangerous rate. Undergoes a very energetic reaction with calcium phosphide [Mellor 8:841(1946-1947)].
10.4Conditions to avoid
no data available
10.5Incompatible materials
The aqueous solution is a strong acid. Corrosive fumes emitted on contact with air. Reacts violently with bases, oxidizers forming toxic chlorine gas. Reacts, often violently, with acetic anhydride, active metals, aliphatic amines, alkanolamines, alkylene oxides, aromatic amines, amides, 2-aminoethanol, ammonia, ammonium hydroxide, calcium phosphide, chlorosulfonic acid, ethylene diamine, ethyleneimine, epichlorohydrin, isocyanates, metal acetylides, oleum, organic anhydrides, perchloric acid, 3-propiolactone, uranium phosphide, sulfuric acid, vinyl acetate, vinylidene fluoride. Highly corrosive to most metals, forming flammable hydrogen gas. Attacks some plastics, rubber, and coatings.
10.6Hazardous decomposition products
When heated to decomp it emits toxic fumes of Cl- /Hydrochloric acid/.
11.Toxicological information
Acute toxicity
- Oral: LD50 Rabbit oral 900 mg/kg
- Inhalation: LC50 Rat inhalation 3124 ppm/1 hr
- Dermal: no data available
Skin corrosion/irritation
no data available
Serious eye damage/irritation
no data available
Respiratory or skin sensitization
no data available
Germ cell mutagenicity
no data available
Carcinogenicity
Evaluation: There is inadequate evidence for the carcinogenicity in humans of hydrochloric acid. There is inadequate evidence for the carcinogenicity in experimental animals of hydrochloric acid. Overall evaluation: Hydrochloric acid is not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans (Group 3).
Reproductive toxicity
No information is available on the reproductive or developmental effects of hydrochloric acid in humans. In rats exposed to hydrochloric acid by inhalation, severe dyspnea, cyanosis, and altered estrus cycles have been reported in dams, and increased fetal mortality and decreased fetal weight have been reported in the offspring.
STOT-single exposure
no data available
STOT-repeated exposure
no data available
Aspiration hazard
no data available
12.Ecological information
12.1Toxicity
- Toxicity to fish: LC50; Species: Lepomis macrochirus (Blue gill); Conditions: artificial water, flow-through, 20 +/ -1 °C, dissolved oxygen 5-9 mg/L; Concentration: 24.6 mg/L for 96 hr for small and medium size fish; 30.9 mg/L for 96 hr for large size fish.
- Toxicity to daphnia and other aquatic invertebrates: no data available
- Toxicity to algae: no data available
- Toxicity to microorganisms: no data available
12.2Persistence and degradability
no data available
12.3Bioaccumulative potential
Hydrogen chloride dissociates readily in water to chloride and hydronium ions(1). Therefore, hydrogen chloride does not accumulate in the aquatic organisms(1,2).
12.4Mobility in soil
Hydrogen chloride dissociates into chloride and hydronium ions in moist soil(1).
12.5Other adverse effects
no data available
13.Disposal considerations
13.1Disposal methods
Product
The material can be disposed of by removal to a licensed chemical destruction plant or by controlled incineration with flue gas scrubbing. Do not contaminate water, foodstuffs, feed or seed by storage or disposal. Do not discharge to sewer systems.
Contaminated packaging
Containers can be triply rinsed (or equivalent) and offered for recycling or reconditioning. Alternatively, the packaging can be punctured to make it unusable for other purposes and then be disposed of in a sanitary landfill. Controlled incineration with flue gas scrubbing is possible for combustible packaging materials.
14.Transport information
14.1UN Number
| ADR/RID: UN1789 | IMDG: UN1789 | IATA: UN1789 |
14.2UN Proper Shipping Name
| ADR/RID: HYDROCHLORIC ACID |
| IMDG: HYDROCHLORIC ACID |
| IATA: HYDROCHLORIC ACID |
14.3Transport hazard class(es)
| ADR/RID: 8 | IMDG: 8 | IATA: 8 |
14.4Packing group, if applicable
| ADR/RID: III | IMDG: III | IATA: III |
14.5Environmental hazards
| ADR/RID: no | IMDG: no | IATA: no |
14.6Special precautions for user
no data available
14.7Transport in bulk according to Annex II of MARPOL 73/78 and the IBC Code
no data available
15.Regulatory information
15.1Safety, health and environmental regulations specific for the product in question
| Chemical name | Common names and synonyms | CAS number | EC number |
|---|---|---|---|
| hydrogen chloride | hydrogen chloride | 7647-01-0 | none |
| European Inventory of Existing Commercial Chemical Substances (EINECS) | Listed. | ||
| EC Inventory | Listed. | ||
| United States Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Inventory | Listed. | ||
| China Catalog of Hazardous chemicals 2015 | Listed. | ||
| New Zealand Inventory of Chemicals (NZIoC) | Listed. | ||
| Philippines Inventory of Chemicals and Chemical Substances (PICCS) | Listed. | ||
| Vietnam National Chemical Inventory | Listed. | ||
| Chinese Chemical Inventory of Existing Chemical Substances (China IECSC) | Listed. | ||
16.Other information
Information on revision
| Creation Date | Aug 12, 2017 |
|---|---|
| Revision Date | Aug 12, 2017 |
Abbreviations and acronyms
- CAS: Chemical Abstracts Service
- ADR: European Agreement concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road
- RID: Regulation concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Rail
- IMDG: International Maritime Dangerous Goods
- IATA: International Air Transportation Association
- TWA: Time Weighted Average
- STEL: Short term exposure limit
- LC50: Lethal Concentration 50%
- LD50: Lethal Dose 50%
- EC50: Effective Concentration 50%
References
- IPCS – The International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSC), website: http://www.ilo.org/dyn/icsc/showcard.home
- HSDB – Hazardous Substances Data Bank, website: https://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/newtoxnet/hsdb.htm
- IARC – International Agency for Research on Cancer, website: http://www.iarc.fr/
- eChemPortal – The Global Portal to Information on Chemical Substances by OECD, website: http://www.echemportal.org/echemportal/index?pageID=0&request_locale=en
- CAMEO Chemicals, website: http://cameochemicals.noaa.gov/search/simple
- ChemIDplus, website: http://chem.sis.nlm.nih.gov/chemidplus/chemidlite.jsp
- ERG – Emergency Response Guidebook by U.S. Department of Transportation, website: http://www.phmsa.dot.gov/hazmat/library/erg
- Germany GESTIS-database on hazard substance, website: http://www.dguv.de/ifa/gestis/gestis-stoffdatenbank/index-2.jsp
- ECHA – European Chemicals Agency, website: https://echa.europa.eu/